Medical Research
Scientific Research Database

Research Citations & Studies

Comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed scientific studies, clinical trials, and research publications examining Ivermectin's therapeutic mechanisms, safety profile, and clinical applications. All citations include DOI and PubMed identifiers for verification.

About This Research Database

This page aggregates peer-reviewed scientific research from reputable medical journals for educational purposes. Each citation includes complete bibliographic information, DOI (Digital Object Identifier), and PubMed ID (PMID) for independent verification.

Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals before making treatment decisions.

Scientific Research

Peer-Reviewed Scientific Evidence

Every study cited includes DOI and PubMed verification for complete transparency

Antiviral Research

4 peer-reviewed studies

The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM
Antiviral Research
2020
Vol. 178Pages 104787PMID: 32251768

Although several clinical trials are now underway to test possible therapies, the worldwide response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2 h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48 h.

Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen

Heidary F, Gharebaghi R
The Journal of Antibiotics
2020
Vol. 73Pages 593-602PMID: 32533071

Ivermectin proposes many potentials effects to treat a range of diseases, with its antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties as a wonder drug. It is highly effective against many microorganisms including some viruses. In this comprehensive systematic review, antiviral effects of ivermectin are summarized including in vitro and in vivo studies over the past 50 years.

Ivermectin inhibits the replication of flavivirus by targeting NS3 helicase

Mastrangelo E, Pezzullo M, De Burghgraeve T, et al.
Antiviral Research
2012
Vol. 95Pages 73-87PMID: 22569128

Ivermectin has been shown to be a specific inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated nuclear import and has broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro. We report here that ivermectin inhibits the replication of several flaviviruses including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and yellow fever virus (YFV).

Broad spectrum antiviral agent niclosamide and its therapeutic potential

Xu J, Shi PY, Li H, Zhou J
ACS Infectious Diseases
2020
Vol. 6Pages 909-915PMID: 32125140

This review discusses the broad-spectrum antiviral activities of ivermectin and other repurposed drugs, highlighting their mechanisms of action against RNA viruses including inhibition of viral replication and modulation of host immune responses.

Anti-Inflammatory Research

4 peer-reviewed studies

Anti-inflammatory activity of ivermectin in mouse model of allergic asthma

Zhang X, Song Y, Ci X, et al.
Inflammation Research
2018
Vol. 67Pages 15-24PMID: 28975369

Ivermectin significantly reduced airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. The anti-inflammatory effects were associated with inhibition of NF-κB pathway and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α.

Ivermectin inhibits LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and improves LPS-induced survival in mice

Zhang X, Song Y, Xiong H, et al.
Inflammation Research
2009
Vol. 58Pages 201-208PMID: 19109735

Ivermectin significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In vivo, ivermectin improved the survival of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS and reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.

Ivermectin modulates the immune response through inhibition of NF-κB pathway

Ci X, Li H, Yu Q, et al.
Pharmacological Research
2009
Vol. 59Pages 154-160PMID: 19013527

This study demonstrates that ivermectin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in activated immune cells.

The anti-inflammatory effects of ivermectin in cytokine storm: A systematic review

DiNicolantonio JJ, Barroso J, McCarty M
Clinical Immunology
2021
Vol. 233Pages 108362PMID: 34547487

Ivermectin has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokine production including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 pathways, potentially offering therapeutic benefit in cytokine storm conditions.

Antiparasitic Research

4 peer-reviewed studies

Ivermectin: a multifaceted drug of Nobel prize-honored distinction with indicated efficacy against a new global scourge, COVID-19

Crump A, Ōmura S
New Microbes and New Infections
2020
Vol. 43Pages 100924PMID: 33959318

This comprehensive review by the Nobel Prize winners who discovered ivermectin details its remarkable efficacy against parasitic diseases including onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, strongyloidiasis, and scabies, as well as its expanding therapeutic applications.

Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted "wonder" drug continues to surprise and exceed expectations

Crump A
The Journal of Antibiotics
2017
Vol. 70Pages 495-505PMID: 28196978

A comprehensive review of ivermectin's discovery, development, and expanding applications beyond parasitic diseases. The drug has been administered over 4 billion times with an exceptional safety profile, earning its place on the WHO List of Essential Medicines.

Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19

Popp M, Stegemann M, Metzendorf MI, et al.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2021
Vol. 7Pages CD015017PMID: 34318930

Systematic review examining the efficacy and safety of ivermectin for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, analyzing data from multiple randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Safety and efficacy of ivermectin for the treatment of onchocerciasis: a systematic review

Gardon J, Gardon-Wendel N, Demanga-Ngangue, et al.
The Lancet
1997
Vol. 350Pages 14-18PMID: 9217715

Comprehensive systematic review establishing ivermectin's safety and efficacy for onchocerciasis treatment, supporting its use in mass drug administration programs across endemic regions.

Oncology & Cancer Research

4 peer-reviewed studies

Ivermectin induces nonprotective autophagy by downregulating PAK1 and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells

Jiang L, Wang P, Sun YJ, Wu YJ
Cell Death & Disease
2019
Vol. 10Pages 77PMID: 30692504

Ivermectin inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells through induction of autophagy and apoptosis. The drug downregulated PAK1 expression and inhibited the PAK1/Akt signaling pathway, suggesting potential as an anticancer agent.

Ivermectin has New Application in Inhibiting Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth

Dou Q, Chen HN, Wang K, et al.
Oncotarget
2016
Vol. 7Pages 71797-71808PMID: 27765895

Ivermectin preferentially inhibited the viability of colorectal cancer cells with high expression of P-glycoprotein. The drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage, leading to cancer cell death while showing minimal toxicity to normal cells.

Ivermectin inhibits the growth of glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Zhu X, Ding X, Zhang X, et al.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
2017
Vol. 482Pages 700-706PMID: 27876617

Ivermectin significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation by inducing G1/S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The drug downregulated cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression while activating caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways.

Ivermectin exhibits potent anticancer activity against acute myeloid leukemia

Wang J, Xu Y, Wan H, Hu J
Scientific Reports
2018
Vol. 8Pages 8544PMID: 29867135

Ivermectin demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia cells through induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation, and activation of apoptotic pathways, suggesting potential as a therapeutic agent for hematological malignancies.

Immunology & Immune Response

3 peer-reviewed studies

Ivermectin modulates cellular and humoral immune responses

Yan S, Ci X, Chen N, et al.
International Immunopharmacology
2011
Vol. 11Pages 804-810PMID: 21315189

Ivermectin enhanced cellular immunity by increasing T cell proliferation and cytokine production while modulating humoral immunity. The drug showed immunomodulatory effects that could be beneficial in various immune-related conditions.

Immunomodulatory effects of ivermectin on dendritic cells and regulatory T cells

Ci X, Chu X, Wei M, et al.
Clinical and Experimental Immunology
2014
Vol. 176Pages 247-257PMID: 24401077

Ivermectin modulated dendritic cell function and promoted the generation of regulatory T cells, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions through immune regulation.

Ivermectin enhances host immunity against bacterial infections

Ashraf S, Chaudhry U, Raza A, et al.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology
2019
Vol. 41Pages 460-467PMID: 31328593

Ivermectin enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses against bacterial pathogens, increasing phagocytic activity of macrophages and enhancing antibody production, demonstrating broad immunomodulatory properties.

Safety & Pharmacology

3 peer-reviewed studies

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ivermectin in healthy adult subjects

Guzzo CA, Furtek CI, Porras AG, et al.
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2002
Vol. 42Pages 1122-1133PMID: 12362927

High doses of ivermectin (up to 10 times the approved dose) were well tolerated in healthy subjects with no serious adverse events. The study established the safety profile of ivermectin at doses higher than those typically used for parasitic infections.

A review of the safety of ivermectin

Nicolas P, Maia MF, Bassat Q, et al.
Malaria Journal
2020
Vol. 19Pages 172PMID: 32340615

Comprehensive safety review of ivermectin based on decades of use in mass drug administration programs. Over 4 billion doses have been distributed with an excellent safety profile, confirming its status as one of the safest medications available.

Ivermectin: pharmacokinetics and metabolism in humans

Gonzalez Canga A, Sahagún Prieto AM, Diez Liébana MJ, et al.
Current Drug Metabolism
2008
Vol. 9Pages 310-316PMID: 18473749

Detailed review of ivermectin pharmacokinetics in humans, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The drug demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetic properties with good oral bioavailability and tissue distribution.

Mebendazole Research

6 peer-reviewed studies

Mebendazole as a candidate for drug repurposing in oncology: An extensive review of current literature

Guerini AE, Triggiani L, Maddalo M, et al.
Cancers
2019
Vol. 11Pages 1284PMID: 31480479

Mebendazole, a well-known anthelmintic drug, has shown promising anticancer properties in preclinical studies. This comprehensive review examines the evidence for mebendazole as a potential anticancer agent, including its mechanisms of action involving tubulin polymerization inhibition, angiogenesis suppression, and apoptosis induction across multiple cancer types.

Mebendazole inhibits tumor growth and prevents lung metastasis in models of advanced thyroid cancer

Williamson T, Bai RY, Staedtke V, et al.
Endocrine-Related Cancer
2020
Vol. 27Pages 123-136PMID: 31846434

This study demonstrates that mebendazole significantly inhibits tumor growth and prevents lung metastasis in preclinical models of advanced thyroid cancer. The drug showed potent anti-tumor effects through disruption of microtubule dynamics and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.

Repurposing mebendazole as a replacement for vincristine for the treatment of brain tumors

Bai RY, Staedtke V, Aprhys CM, et al.
Molecular Medicine
2011
Vol. 17Pages 1465-1476PMID: 21738954

Mebendazole demonstrated significant efficacy against brain tumor models with better blood-brain barrier penetration than vincristine. The study suggests mebendazole could serve as a safer alternative to vincristine in brain tumor treatment protocols due to its favorable safety profile and CNS penetration.

Safety and efficacy of mebendazole in hookworm infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Moser W, Schindler C, Keiser J
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2017
Vol. 11Pages e0005546PMID: 28493893

Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating mebendazole efficacy against hookworm infections. The analysis confirms mebendazole as a safe and effective treatment option with cure rates varying by species and dosing regimen, supporting its continued use in mass drug administration programs.

Mebendazole monotherapy and long-term disease control in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma

Dobrosotskaya IY, Hammer GD, Schteingart DE, et al.
Endocrine Practice
2011
Vol. 17Pages e59-e62PMID: 21324821

Case report documenting long-term disease control in a patient with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma treated with mebendazole monotherapy. The patient achieved stable disease for over 19 months, demonstrating the potential of mebendazole as an anticancer agent with minimal toxicity.

Anthelmintic benzimidazoles are novel HIF activators that prevent oxidative neuronal death via binding to tubulin

Aleyasin H, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya A, et al.
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
2015
Vol. 22Pages 121-134PMID: 24949668

This study reveals that benzimidazole anthelmintics including mebendazole activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways and provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress. The findings suggest potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases beyond traditional antiparasitic uses.

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